If we look at some of these other carbons, let me use red for this, if we look at this carbon right here, this carbon is sp2 hybridized. It's like there are four different things attached to this carbon right here. If you go to the right around the ring, you hit a carbon bonded If you go to the left around the ring, you hit a CH2 right here. There are two hydrogens on this carbon, only one hydrogen on this carbon. So the paths around the ring, there's a different path around the ring. In on this carbon because we know we have a hydrogenīonded to that carbon here. However, if we change things up, so let's look at this molecule now, we have a different path around the ring. There are zero chiralityĬenters for this molecule. So, two of the same thingĪttached to that carbon. Here's an ethyl group,Īnd here's an ethyl group. One way to think about it is, that's two of the same thingsĪttached to this carbon.
So, I took out this last carbon down here, so I'm leaving out the last carbon. Here and a chlorine here, and I draw in a molecule like that. Another way of thinking about this is if I focus in on thatĬarbon at the top again, so I have a hydrogen It's like two of the exact same groups bonded to that carbon. You hit a CH2, and you hit a CH2, and then you hit a CH2. But if you go around the ring this way, and you go around the ring this way, it's the same path both ways. One different group, the chlorine is another different group, so that's two different groups. Is not a chiral center, and that's because there's the same path around this ring here. We have a chlorineīonded to it, a hydrogen, and then we have these things What about this carbon right here? It looks like it mightīe a chirality center. All of these carbons have two hydrogens bonded to them, so that's Then we look for chiralityĬenters or chiral centers. Two hydrogens on this carbon all the way around our rings. So there are zero chiralityĬenters in this molecule.
That has to be sp3 hybridized, giving you a tetrahedral geometry, and we don't have four different thingsīonded to that carbon, so none of these carbonsĪre chirality centers. We know from earlier videos, that's an sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry. Let's focus in on this carbon right here.
The right, three hydrogens, so there's no way it couldīe a chirality center. So that carbon is not a chirality center. For our next example, let me go ahead and draw in the carbons, so we have three carbons. So, one chirality center in this alcohol. Three of the same thing, so that carbon is not a chirality center. And then finally this carbon over here with three hydrogens, So I have two hydrogens on this carbon, so that's not a chirality center. I'm going to draw in the other hydrogens. Groups attached to that carbon, so that carbon is a chirality center. There's a methyl group on this side, so that's one different group. We have four different groupsĪttached to this carbon, so I'm going to mark This next carbon here, we have an OH, and then we also have a I need four different groups,Īnd I have three of the same thing on that carbon, So there's no way that'sĪ chirality center. So, let's look for someĬhirality centers in these molecules, and we'll start Sp3 hybridized carbon that has four different "chirality center" here, but you also might hear "chiral center" or "stereo center" or "stereogenic center" or "assymetric center," and they're all pretty much referring to the same concept: a tetrahedral carbon, The concept of chirality, the next skill is to be able
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